Excerpts from “A Bucket of Water”: Reflections on Sustainable Rural Development by Dr. Kanayo F. Nwanze.

“In the beginning, Jane Njagurara – a farmer in Kenya – had a single goat. By the time I met her, she had poultry, cows, and a thriving milling business. Not only could she send her children to school, she was also employing others in the community. In other words, to echo the theme of this book, Jane had fetched her bucket of water.”
“Undoubtedly, many factors contributed to Jane’s achievements, including her membership of a dairy group supported by an IFAD-supported project. But a development project can only provide opportunity; it is only a drop in the bucket. I suspect the reason for Jane’s success had as much to do with an inner drive to provide a better life for her family.”
“In my career as both a scientist and an administrator, I have learned to track success through objective indicators. But I have also found that to understand results we must go beyond what can be measured in a test tube or plotted on a spreadsheet. In the end, development is about what really matters to people. It’s about empowering them to take greater control of their lives, against all the odds that may be stacked against them.”
“Sometimes a project’s success can be measured against tangible factors. For me, however, the most important outcomes are often intangible, such as the pride of a mother who can send her children to school well-fed and well-nourished, perhaps for the first time. When I am privileged to witness such a moment in people’s lives I know that real change is possible.” ~(Nwanze, 2017, p. 1-2).
Reflections & Next Steps in relation to African Development by Dr. Ikenna A. Ezealah
1. Development is endogenic—occurs from within, and multiplies the abilities already possessed. Jane was a skilled farmer with one goat, so development just enhanced what she already possessed and multiplied her enterprise into a thriving milling business. Just as a tree bears fruit with a seed for further development, so could Jane’s business plant the new seed of her children’s educational future and employ others in the community. Development for Africa starts with identifying the abilities the people already possess, then just supporting them to enhance and multiply it.
All the visions required for indigenous African progress across all sectors is gifted to the spirit of the African people. More explicitly: all the solutions to Africa’s problems and the ideas for upbuilding flowing from the Creator enters the earth in the natural abilities within the spirit of the African people, which only needs support and an enabling environment to be activated, expressed and implemented for collective progress. Thus, one characteristic of the right visionary and iron-willed African leadership is the capacity organize, coordinate, and implement the pre-existing inspirations and abilities from the spirit of the people around a unified initiative. If championed, Africa will experience a developmental sonic boom!
2. Membership in supported community groups: “If you want to run fast, go alone; if you want to run far, run together”. The African proverb emphasizes the multiplying power of community, the importance of individual effort that can be magnified by the supportive collaboration of people within a group of similar interest. Jane was a farmer, became a member of a group, and the group was supported and provided an opportunity that Jane capitalized. Too often in Africa people labor alone and cannot draw from the power of a well-organized and supported group. Development for Africa needs to encourage the formation of organized membership groups of similar activity, which should be supported by leaders so individuals can achieve more and go far with their initiatives—like Jane.
3. Development that empowers people to take greater control of their lives… and environment. Development in Nature enables greater control and independence. As a baby develops into a youth, it growth learning empowers it take greater control its body, and it becomes more self-sufficient and independent. Jane, through personal diligence and a supportive environment that yielded a successful business, was empowered to take greater control of her life and have a greater influence on the future of her children and members of the community. In Africa, does the leadership empower or deprive people of development? Do the institutions and systems of the society form a supportive or hostile environment to personal success? And do the people or foreigners have greater control/influence over Africa’s government, natural resources, industries, policies, and general development? Development for Africa means leaders empowering the people to use their abilities to develop and take control of their lives, communities, resources, and country.
4. Intangible outcomes of progress—People are human beings, not human bodies, and the human soul is driven by values. Development then is not just about the expression of abilities through the body and the physical improvements of living conditions, but it is also about the ennobled qualities that emanate from the human soul. The deep inner feelings and stirrings. With Jane’s increased success through her thriving milling business, imagine the pride and confidence that wells up from her soul at being able to support her children and further her community! This is the intangible victory of the soul in positive development. Development for Africa also means consciously valuing the intangible outcomes of all policies on the inner life of the people, and the commitment to ensure that progressive outward development is always balanced by the inner drive and expression of furthering values. Therein lies true progress for the African people.
Next Steps for African Governments
- Indigenous development: Refrain from just copying and importing what foreigners have developed and calling it progress. Instead, focus on supporting, investing, and developing the preexisting inspirations and talents of the people. These abilities when properly nourished is what grows into innovative indigenous institutions, systems, and industries.
- Growth and Protection of Community Groups: Encourage and protect through policy the forming of community groups that pools people of special interests and activities together, so they can speak with one voice, have representation in national policy issues, and gain strength in numbers. For example, a well-supported Farmers’ Cooperative will enable smallholders to have more bargaining power.
- Regular Assembly Meetings: To empower people first requires listening to them and reinforcing their needed activities. Traditional African communities had regular assemblies in which the leaders and the people could interact on matters of collective progress.
———-> Officials should be required to visit their constituents and community groups on a numbered basis per quarter in an assembly format. Officials must then listen to the various organized ideas, issues, questions, the specific ways community members need support, then use that information as a basis of policy representation at the state and national level. Officials would also account for every vote, monies, and projects in relation to the community, and the status of previously discussed items.
———-> The meetings create a constant feedback loop between community members and officials that is lacking today, which increases accountability. Empowerment naturally follows. Empowerment is a person’s ability to directly influence or control the factors that determine the developmental direction of their lives, communities, and country. Through the periodic assemblies, people will have the opportunity to directly shape the factors that determine the quality of their life and community.
- Regular Assembly Meetings: To empower people first requires listening to them and reinforcing their needed activities. Traditional African communities had regular assemblies in which the leaders and the people could interact on matters of collective progress.
- Intangible outcomes of progress: Genuine leadership in governance is not just about improving physical conditions, but uplifting the soul of the people. The human soul is driven by furthering values. Thus, every policy should first start with a statement of the furthering values it is meant to support within the people. Also, in addition to measuring the physical effects of policies, the intangible effects on the soul of the people should also be assessed, recorded, and discussed. Doing this would put the human soul and furthering values at the focal point of national policies, so leaders with the eyes of the spirit can make decisions that uplift the people inwardly and outwardly.
~Dr. Ikenna A. Ezealah, Ph.D., MBA
Builder of the African Future














